When the radar is narrow band , radar target is studies as a point target . target and clutter are modeled as having a zero - mean complex gaussian probability density function ( pdf ) . target is assumed as slowly - fluctuant 窄帶條件下,雷達目標可以看作是一個點目標,假設目標和雜波都服從零均值的復高斯分布,目標為慢起伏。
All numerical experiments are passed the statistically confidential test second , on the basis of the retrieved data of soil water content and land surface temperature , the probability density functions ( pdf ) of them fitted 其次,利用反演的土壤水分和地表溫度資料,擬合了土壤濕度和地表溫度空間分布的概率分布密度函數(shù)( pdf ) ,并將擬合結果與反演值進行了統(tǒng)計檢驗。
The cumulative probability distribution ( cpd ) and probability density function ( pdf ) of the magnitude of signals with noise are approximated by the cumulate percentage distribution ( cpd ) and percentage density ( pcd ) respectively by sorting and discretizing . the simulation verfies the following 含噪訊號強度之累積機率分布及機率密度特性,則依強度遞增排序法,換算成累積百分比分布及百分比密度近似之。
Kde is a non - parametric method which is capable of extracting the population ' s probability density function ( pdf ) based on data sample only without any a prior knowledge about the statistic properties of the data regime . in this thesis , it is conducted the implementation of the kde for monitoring the performance of batch production processes 用核函數(shù)法概率密度估計對間歇生產過程進行實時狀態(tài)監(jiān)測的主要優(yōu)點是它屬于非參數(shù)法概率密度估計的一種,不需要數(shù)據總體的任何先驗知識或是假設而直接基于實測數(shù)據樣本求出總體的概率分布密度函數(shù),擺脫了對不可靠的先驗知識的依賴。
Third , based on the parameterization of the related land surface characteristics , using the probability density functions ( pdf ) and the grossly dynamic resistance method , a statistical - dynamical parameterization scheme is put forward . the mean evapotranspiration flux of lower reaches of the yangtze river is calculated by tins scheme and the results are compared with the formers " conclusions . finally , the calculated results by the statistical - dynamical parameterization scheme are compared with the mosaic method 第三,在進行了有關地表特征物理量的參數(shù)化后,結合擬合的概率密度函數(shù),根據總體動力掌阻抗法,提出了一種考慮網格區(qū)整體非均勻性的統(tǒng)計-動力參數(shù)化方案,并采用這種方案計算了長江三角洲地區(qū)的平均蒸發(fā)散通量,計算結果與以前研究者的研究成果進行了比較驗證。
The scheme is on the basis of the heterogeneity of soil water content ' s horizontal spatial distribution in the region and the evaporative power of relatively saturated region . if the probability density function ( pdf ) of soil water content ' s horizontal spatial distribution and the evaporative power of relatively saturated region are attainable , the mean evapotranspiration flux of the region can be calculated 該方案以區(qū)域內土壤水分在水平空間上分布的非均勻性和相對飽和區(qū)地表蒸發(fā)力為基礎,在已知土壤水分水平空間分布律的概率密度函數(shù)( pdf )和飽和區(qū)地表蒸發(fā)力的前提下,實現(xiàn)區(qū)域平均蒸發(fā)散量的計算。
Present a modified particle filter ( pf ) algorithm based on the los / nlos binary state information of propagation environment using the numerical method of the probability density function ( pdf ) about the hybrid noise . the key idea is using numerical method to calculate the hybrid noise pdf , and integrating binary environment information to get filtering result 2 .給出了應用粒子濾波器改進直達波與非直達波混合環(huán)境中移動終端跟蹤性能的新算法,特色是利用數(shù)值方法計算混合噪聲密度函數(shù),結合二元環(huán)境信息完成濾波估計。
Then the unified approach can be applied to it to acquire the ensemble random evolutionary response . since the normal probability density function ( pdf ) may lead to instability of some sample systems when the random parameters taking sufficiently small negative values , an arch - like pdf and a more adaptable - pdf , together with the matching chebyshev polynomial approximation and gegenbauer polynomial approximation , are suggested . numerical examples show that the suggested methods are effective 相比較而言,隨機模擬法的結果無疑是最可靠的,但是它的計算量嫌大;隨機攝動法的計算量遠小于隨機模擬法,但是它要求隨機攝動量必須是一個小量;正交展開法的計算精度好于隨機攝動法,其得到結果與隨機模擬法得到的結果幾乎吻合,其計算量略多于隨機攝動法,但與隨機模擬法相比要少的多,不過計算前的準備工作較費時。